Tumor detection and isolation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a significant consideration, but when done manually by people, it is very time consuming and may not be accurate. Also, the appearance of the tumor tissue varies from patient to patient, and there are similarities between the tumor and the natural tissue of the brain. In this paper, we have tried to provide an automated method for diagnosing and displaying brain tumors in MRI images. Images of patients with glioblastoma were used after applying pre-processing and removing areas that have no useful information (such as eyes, scalp, etc.). We used a bounding box algorithm, to create a projection for to determining the initial range of the tumor in the next step, an artificial bee colony algorithm, to determine an initial point of the tumor area and then the Grow cut algorithm for, the exact boundary of the tumor area. Our method is automatic and extensively independent of the operator. comparison between results of 12 patients in our method with other similar methods indicate a high accuracy of the proposed method (about 98%) in comparison s.

Introduction. Ultrasonography is the preferable imaging technique for monitoring and assessing complications in kidney allograft transplants. COMPUTER-AIDED diagnostic system based on texture analysis in ultrasonographic imaging is recommended to identify changes in kidney function after allograft transplantation. Materials and Methods. A total of 61 biopsy-proven kidney allograft recipients (11 rejected and 50 unrejected) were assessed by a COMPUTER-AIDED diagnostic system. Up to 270 statistical texture features were extracted as descriptors for each region of interest in each recipient. Correlations of texture features with serum creatinine level and differences between rejected and unrejected allografts were analyzed. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for each significant texture feature. Linear discriminant analysis was employed to analyze significant features and increase discriminative power. Recipients were classified by the first nearest neighbor classifier. Results. Fourteen texture features had a significant correlation with serum creatinine level and 16 were significantly different between the rejected and unrejected allografts, for which an area under the curve values were in the range of 0. 575 for difference entropy S(4, 0) to 0. 676 for kurtosis. Using all 16 features, linear discriminant analysis indicated higher performance for classification of the two groups with an area under the curve of 0. 975, which corresponded to a sensitivity of 90. 9%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 98. 0%. Conclusions. Texture analysis was a reliable method, with the potential for characterization, and can help physicians to diagnose kidney failure after transplantation on ultrasonographic imaging.

Objective(s): To determine application of the PRECEDE model for increasing coping behaviors against anxiety in Tehran firemen.Methods: This was a quasi experimental study. 118 firemen (59 in experimental group and 59 in control group) from Tehran fire stations were selected as the subjects of the study through a multistage sampling. Data collection tool was a questionnaire developed by author including demographic characteristics and PRECEDE model components.Results: Comparing to the control group, after educational intervention in the study group, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, self efficacy (predisposing factors), skill of the relaxation (enabling factor), behavior increased significantly (P<0.0001) and use of 3 educational resources (enabling factor) in area of relaxation increased significantly (P<0.03). Also, verbal persuasion and positive experiences after doing relaxation (reinforcing factors) were reported by experimental group.Conclusion: The finding of the study illustrates effective application of PRECEDE model in increasing predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors and coping behaviors against anxiety in Tehran firemen.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the marginal fit of temporary restorations fabricated by the conventional chairside method, 3D printing, and milling. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 14 temporary restorations were conventionally fabricated over an implant abutment and analog that had been mounted in a phantom model at the site of canine tooth, using autopolymerizing acrylic resin and putty index. In digital manufacturing, the original model was scanned, and the final restoration was designed. Fourteen temporary restorations were milled out of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blocks, and 14 others were printed by a 3D printer. Temporary crowns were placed on the abutment, and images were obtained from specific areas under a stereomicroscope at x100 magnification to measure the amount of marginal gap. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’ s test (α =0. 05). Results: The mean marginal gap values for the temporary crowns in the 3D printing, milling, and chairside groups were 91. 40, 75. 28 and 51. 23 µ m, respectively. The crowns that were conventionally fabricated chairside exhibited the lowest marginal gap, and the difference in this respect was significant among the three groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Temporary crowns fabricated by the chairside method showed significantly smaller marginal gap; however, the marginal gap of all three groups was within the clinically acceptable range.

Lymphangiomas are rare congenital malformations, commonly seen in the head and neck region in 90% of cases They are uncommon, hamartomatous, congenital malformations of the lymphatic system that involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue and account for 4% of all vascular tumors and approximately 25% of all benign vascular tumors in children. The most common sites are the head and neck, followed by the proximal extremities, the buttocks, and the trunk. However, they sometimes can be found in the intestines, pancreas, and mesentery.

Preimplantation genetic DIAGNOSIS (PGD) is an evolving technique that provides a practical alternative to prenatal DIAGNOSIS and termination of pregnancy for couples who are at substantial risk of transmitting a serious genetic disorder to their offspring. Since the first application of PGD in 1989, it has been expanded in scope and applications. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been introduced for the analysis of chromosomes and PCR for the analysis genes for in cases of monogenic disorders. PGD involves assisted reproductive technologies even though most couples undertaking it are fertile. Early PGD protocols used blastomer biopsied from cleavage stage embryos but testing of first and second polar bodies is now a routine alternative, and blastocyst biopsy can also be used. More recently, FISH technology has been harnessed to provide PGD-AS, or aneuploidy screening, with the aim of replacing euploid embryos and increasing pregnancy rates in groups of women who have poor IVF success rates. More recent application of PGD in areas such as HLA typing and social sex selection have stoked public controversy and concern, while providing interesting ethical debates and keeping PGD firmly in the public eyes. Here, we provide and overview of indications for, techniques used in, some advantage and disadvantages of PGD.